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Database management is the process for managing information that aids the company’s business operations. It involves storing data, distributing it to users and applications, modifying it as necessary and monitoring the changes in the data and preventing it from being corrupted due to unexpected failures. It is a part of the overall informational infrastructure of a business which supports decision-making in corporate growth, as well as compliance with laws such as the GDPR and the California Consumer Privacy Act.
In the 1960s, Charles Bachman and IBM among others came up with the first database systems. They developed into information management systems (IMS) which allowed massive amounts of data to be stored and retrieved for a range of reasons. From calculating inventory to aiding complex financial accounting functions as well as human resource functions.
A database is a set of tables which organize data according to the specific scheme, for example one-to-many relationships. It makes use of primary keys to identify records and allow cross-references between tables. Each table has a set of fields, referred to as attributes, that represent facts about the entities that comprise the data. The most popular type of database that is currently in use is a relational model, created by E. F. «Ted» Codd at IBM in the 1970s. This model is based on normalizing the data, making it easier to use. It is also easier to update data since it doesn’t require the modification of many sections of the databases.
Most DBMSs are able to support different types of databases, offering internal and external levels of organization. The internal level addresses costs, scalability, and other operational concerns such as the layout of the database’s physical storage. The external level is the representation of the database on user interfaces and applications. It could comprise a mix of various external views based on different data models and could include virtual tables that are computed with generic data to enhance the performance.